slatestarcodex autism

EDIT: Genes encode changes to these hyperparameters. 2015, p. 81). when we did a comprehensive neuropsych his IQ came back above average (range 115-125ish depending on how you weight scales) which seems about right. We often joke that my son learned English as a second language, it appeared that his primary language acquisition pathway just wasnt there. Some good story make much more in our appreciation of who is a genius than anything else. Since the definition of autism (as noted by Scott and discussed elsewhere in the comments) is primarily symptomatic, that means you only get the diagnosis if you display symptomatic behaviors meeting a certain noticeable threshold. But they can only screen for de novo mutations they know about, and it could be that they just missed some. For example: As the learning rate increases, a network becomes able to learn new information more quickly. Its a highly abnormal subset of people. Ah, that would explain the discrepancy. Ive only found one paper that takes this model completely seriously and begins speculating on the nature of the foundation. Also, if we do get to a bold new future of hyper-intelligent unilaterism, would the hyper-intelligent even want to sign up for it? Id say his IQ is similar to or higher than mine (around 135.). Observing matters in my local school, I think that child psychiatry is best understood as a means of managing problems that arise in childrens socialization to the school environment, and clusters of diagnoses align with a big three of socialization difficulties: weird dont fit in kids are diagnosed as autistic, restless cant sit still or stop acting up kids are diagnosed as ADD, violent/fighting/tantrum kids are diagnosed with oppositional disorders. An analogy: Imagine you have a sound system with a microphone, speakers, and a mixing board. Someone at the 99.0 percentile for intelligence would probably seem quite mediocre by SSC standards. Seems like it could apply if there were many genes of small but overlapping effect, so that one particular aspect of mental performance is sometimes pushed past the breaking point. Two months later, the child started recovering. If so, then the top-level geniuses may well have something else going on upstairs to enhance their intelligence, some other difference from the norms, that isnt part of the complex of IQ/autism risk genes. I hesitate to make anything out of this, but whenever theres a study that links pre-natal stress to autism, my ears perk up a little. Also, IQ over 70 should be IQ under 70, and people have have autism should be people who have autism. He used to claim that he had an advantage in the ring because his muscle was all-natural, which made him stronger than people who got equally buff from working out. 9 hours ago View Detailed Check-in. My parents were optometrists. Knowing how much of the genetic variance in intelligence (say IQ for an easy measure) is additive is probably good enough to figure out how off the purely linear assumption is. There is yet more. my kid who is on the spectrum is 12 and ok functioning (doing well in middle school) i cant imagine what would get us into the therapist office to do an IQ test. If you get much past that, all intelligible sound will cease and be replaced by a terrible noise that wasnt exhibited _anywhere_ prior in the range of the knob. Theres a range for this parameter, selection in the past has left most of the population too low, but if you push the parameter up too high things will break. And we know that theres differential infant mortality rates. I could easily see someone unable to focus, stuck in a room banging their head just trying to make the noise go away. I knew a wrestler back in college, really huge and muscular dude. however, ASD without these two confounders shows no correlation with IQ. What if autism does two things: it has a tendency to break enough normal processes to make someone rather nonfunctional, and it also has tendencies to increase perceptual ability and intelligence. But dont take my word for it, check out the excellent 2016 lit review by Waterhouse et al which concludes: No unitary ASD brain impairment or replicated unitary model of ASD brain impairment exists. [3] Just install an extension and when you buy something, people in poverty will get medicines, bed nets, or financial aid. Some of the genetic diseases of Eastern Eurpoean Jews are correlated with intelligence, IIRC, but I dont think they have mental effects. He visually learned letter and number orders before turning 2. iq | Slate Star Codex 54K subscribers in the slatestarcodex community. Because he was as skilled as me, and had real muscles. That leads me to the following guess. Still, the IQ-boosting alleles produce autism instead of a more classical low IQ that genetic load alone would have had. The note in the second image mentions adjusting for maternal and paternal age (among other things), and it doesnt look like the adjustment makes an important difference. These numbers should be taken with very many grains of salt. I actually find it rather consistent with the idea that our brain chemistry is tuned to work with a given level of hormones/neurotransmitters produced by our gut bacteria as per Maybe Your Zoloft Stopped Working Because A Liver Fluke Tried To Turn Your Nth-Great-Grandmother Into A Zombie. (remember that no intellectual disability just means IQ over 70, and so many of these not-intellectually-disabled people may still have low intelligence I wish the paper had quantified this). I have not read the other comments, so maybe someone already pointed this out, but I wish to file a complaint. Also also, Crespi is one of those scientists who constantly has much more interesting theories than anyone else (eg), and this makes me suspicious. If the g factor and IQ gains from the Flynn Effect are negatively correlated, then does that mean that IQ tests are gradually being more and more poorly designed over time? Being able to observe a large variety of children with autism (due to activities at the charter school), I agree that autism is a very strange catch-all with many different types of children diagnosed. Theres some evidence for this between 2002 and 2017, we saw a decrease in the diagnosis gap between rich and poor white people, but the gap between rich and poor Hispanics and rich and poor Blacks remained constant. Slate Star Codex (SSC) was a blog focused on science, medicine (especially within psychiatry ), philosophy, politics, and futurism. Im not an expert on biology or genetics or neuropsychology by any means, but I feel like youre onto something with the tower-and-foundation model. Ok, I just got to the end of the comments and no-one else has brought this up yet: Isnt the finding that If the curve stayed exactly the same and there was a correlation between IQ > arb. Slate Star Codex Assortative Mating And Autism Posted on January 28, 2020 by Scott Alexander Introduction Assortative mating is when similar people marry and have children. Plausibly, a certain amount of narrowness and rigidity of focus will improve cognitive performance, whereas too much will cause impairment by making it too hard to get the big picture, switch attention and deal with competing stimuli etc. Evidence suggests the null hypothesis. Are there other mental disorders that track with intelligence? Several studies have shown a genetic link between autism and intelligence; genes that contribute to autism risk also contribute to high IQ. This study of 45,000 Danes finds that genetic risk for autism correlates at about 0.2 with both IQ and educational attainment. Increasing numbers of autistic kids at the high end, as some of the smart kids get too many overlapping IQ-enhancing genes that mess up something important. Book Review: The Perfect Health Diet While our latest study shows that autistic people, on average, have a shift towards a masculinised profile of scores on empathy and systemising tests, they are not extreme males in terms of other typical sex differences. The mothers of red-green colorblind individuals are frequently tetrachromats. In a few cases, the parent gets the de novo mutation, but for whatever reason doesnt develop autism, and then passes it onto their child, who does develop autism. In Graph A, we see that if a child has autism (but not intellectual disability), their likelihood of having a father with any particular IQ (orange line) is almost the same as the likelihood of a neurotypical child having a father of that IQ (dotted line). With more aggressive screening for such things, we would see a much smaller diagnosis gap. My experience watching a relative currently diagnosed with severe, non-verbal autism grow up is that his diagnosis is a catch-all for he doesnt seem capable of abstract thought but we have ruled out all the other, better-understood potential causes. No one can offer more than conjecture about the cause of his condition, and no one knows how to treat it (unless you listen to the vaccine-chelation charlatans the way that his father does) so why is the medical establishment making confident claims regarding the connection between his condition and high-functioning autism? The ICD-11, which was adopted this year and will be implemented globally by 2022, instead calls it autism spectrum disorder without disorder of intellectual development and with mild or no impairment of functional language. Proponents of the change hope to reduce stereotypes. Lilian Grebert is drinking a CAMBIER Black IPA by Brasserie Cambier at Untappd at Home. The Waterhouse study I linked above (https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40489-016-0085-x.pdf) argues that even before the autism-aspergers lumping made things worse, ASD samples within single studies (let alone meta-analyses) were not useful for scientific inference because the autism diagnosis lumps together so many wildly disparate developmental and social issues. I had a professor once whose research thesis was basically this applied to language. Yes, the biggest gains from any given exercise are to performing that specific exercise, but gaining strength that way still allows you to do other mostly unrelated motions that use the same muscle group that you couldnt have done without those exercises. James Comeys twitter and book are exactly what Id expect from a career civil service person. you havent seen any support for Idiocracy? First, doesnt the note say that the bottom graph (for each letter) is the likelihood that a father of x IQ will have a child with the specified outcome? If e.g. Its a small sample (156) and its 10-14 year olds, not adults. The genes and developmental stuff is one part, an enriching environment in childhood is another, and the physical requirements (adequate nutrition and good health and few toxins present during critical parts of brain development in childhood, continued good health in adulthood). Take these away and you arrive at something that seems like an effortless confidence and freedom. Poor people have a higher infant mortality rate than rich people do. The avoidance of eye contact. Wheat has been genetically modified recently in ways that make it much worse for you. Honestly, your genius doesnt sound very good at digging into people. ASD has no reliable early predictor, no unitary developmental course, no unitary life outcome, no unitary recurrence risk, no unitary pattern of BAP features, and no standard homogeneous subgroups. Most are weird in the sense of having uncommon interests (reading history or science books or studying languages for fun, say), but most seem pretty normal in terms of personality and affect and such. Another, potentially related, possibility is that we are disproportionately likely to diagnose white kids with autism rather than other forms of mental disability. That should give us more geniuses, but not a shift in the distribution where now we get a Gauss/von Neumann/Newton/Kant/Einstein born in every town. Is there precedent for this tower-versus-foundation model being useful for any other health issue, or was it just made up specifically for autism? I think, everywhere. 2. I wonder what human spoken language would be like if that kind of ability were universal. The top level of any domains is so hard that most people cant judge anything about it. https://slatestarcodex.com/2019/05/07/5-httlpr-a-pointed-review/ Maybe I just dont understand what you mean by normal. Every autism case is caused by some combination of these three factors, and the more it is caused by normal genes, the more intelligence is likely to be preserved (~100% confidence), 4. the non-verbal. But the ability to notice patterns in the world, analyze phenomena and their causes/effects, understand highly complex and abstract concepts, and make connections between things all seem to be correlated with higher levels of social awareness and persuasive ability. More evidence that autism is linked to gut bacteria We cant do much about the genetic or random developmental stuff, but we can make sure most of the things that have stunted peoples intelligence over time go away. I was getting my disorders mixed up, yes, but this is the one I was thinking of. My vague mental model is that there are a bunch of different parameters that have to be within a certain range to get good performance from your brain. When people came to our defense, it was generally with an idea I didnt like too much: that maybe there were different types of intelligence and if we sucked at [x] we must surely be good at [y]like life was an RPG character generator or something. All this leads me to believe that people who are gifted and whos weirdness is more obvious are often misdiagnosed as having Asperger autism. Of the autistics I personally know (through common support groups), the Aspergers all have a parent who is an engineer or computer scientist of some sort. HIGHLY surprising? As a practical matter of course these disorder clusters can easily overlap and often do, as seen in the most recent DSM when they allowed co-diagnosis of autism and ADHD for the first time (by popular demand pretty much!). What do you guys think of the recent research linking autism to gut bacteria? Meanwhile, placing people on the spectrum equalizes access to resources, including insurance coverage. autism polygenic risk scores attached to Tinder profiles For example, why do people with down syndrome or williams syndrome have differently shaped faces? Doing some [fundamental] discovery is harder and harder. several essentailly different things being lumped together under the label autism spectrum. On that and other evidence, its pretty clear the above article isnt talking about autistics like me. completely unfalsifiable, and 2.) We have limited time to dedicate to know these genius, and a big part of it is dedicated to old ones. (I.e. ), in the general population, you will see a very strong correlation between the IQ score someone gets on the two different kind of IQ test, but among autistics, the correlation is much weaker. For, Then Against, High-Saturated-Fat Diets This should be surprising; why would too many intelligence-promoting variants cause a syndrome marked by low intelligence? But even adjusting for these factors, the autism low intelligence correlation seems too strong to dismiss. n=1 description of autism and speculation on etiology. For example: people who are smart are more likely to seek out a diagnosis for their kid who has something wrong with them. This is true in a sense, but also alters what we mean by normal. I believe this is also the case for artificial neural networks, unless you are in pathological regimes that are too unstable to be useful. Id say so. High IQ, excellent at math, maybe a little socially awkward but not too bad (we live in a reasonably large town, so there are lots of like-minded kids he can socialize with.) First, IQ tests dont do a great job of measuring autistic people. Social relationships are not difficult and people who cannot navigate them are displaying a serious deficit. Autism prevalence increase, Deisseroth's "Projections", systems No need for (extremely valid) concerns about whether IQ tests accurately measure (normal/low) functioning autistics, e.g. It's kind of sick. (2005) reported that 50% of families visited their adult with autism at least weekly and an equal number of adults came weekly to visit at their mother's home. no ones saying this only affects autistic people identified female at birth. I know plenty of highly intelligent people who nonetheless have very poor impulse control particularly when it comes to libidinous desires! Of 11 types of psychiatric condition, only autism was associated with increased intelligence among relatives. Both moderate to high IQ. If the mums with low functioning autistic children, the ones I spoke to described the fathers as losers or deadbeats. That seems like a poor methodology; I think it would be better to start with an unbiased sample of the general population and test them for both autism and IQ. This means autism risk genes must be doing something good. If I suggest autism is effectively what we call people whose mental resolution (in the sense of pixels per inch) is too high, would that make sense to you? and they seem just as likely to have unplanned children as less intelligent people with equally bad impulse control. We're always hiring talented programmers, traders, and researchers and have internships and fulltime positions in New York, London, and Hong Kong. Very simple and wrong toy model: This makes it difficult to analyse high functioning autistics separate from those who would have previously been distinguished as having Aspergers. Kindof like we could genetically engineer all people to be tetrachromats. Could there be some sort of input(s)/connection(s) in early development which is responsible for the development or unfolding of intelligence like that? I guess in a context-specific sense, normal is being defined as not-autistic? Now there is a very strong effect towards their fathers being less intelligent than usual. Titrated use of alcohol in pregnancy and general precautions regarding healthy eating during pregnancy. Thus, any sample of fathers is likely to overestimate the average IQ of fathers on average because fathers are around to be measured (arent in jail, arent dead, didnt just take off) have higher average IQ than those who who arent around to be measured. I think youd need to ask them about their internal experiences, but Id guess a lot of the people you find unusually functional arent putting a lot of effort into fitting in. While autism (and Asperger) has a lot of symptoms, there is one thing I noticed early on: people on the spectrum tend to take words very literally. But >39 repeats means risk of the disease. Note that due to conflict of interest she doesn't treat people in the NYC rationalist social scene. In the graph of relatives, are autists typically on the border or inside of high-IQ regions? no IQb + hgl: very low IQ, non-autistic mental disorders. Some of the stuff she says about this seem a bit woo-woo, but interesting anyway. But her personal life is a mess. People diagnosed with autism are less intelligent than average (~100% confidence, leaving aside definitional complications), 3. At least part of the story is that there are at least three different causes of autism. Its also a chapter of The 10,000 Year Explosion. If this is good, then by definition, more at the margin will be better. Too much difference from wild type synaptic pruning and youve got pathology in addition to the possible, but not certain, optimization. This model predicts something I believe is true many low functioning autistic people have real talents lurking in there, it is just really hard for them or others to access those talents because of all the broken stuff. Autistic people being diagnosed with intellectual disabilities before theyre able to to talk and not really being undiagnosed when theyve demonstrated higher levels of ability is very much a thing. My wife is dyslexic; Im not.

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