on October 21, 2023
You can also convert entire earth into energy but you have to look for antimatter earth to do it. A kiloton of TNT can be visualized as a cube of TNT 8.46 metres (27.8ft) on a side. I went to wolframalpha.com, and typed in this. The cost of creating antimatter like this makes it the world's most expensive substance. What can I do with 100 grams of antimatter? - Quora There is no nuclear bomb that comes close to the power this bomb would have. You can crash 10km sized asteroids into it, and there'll still be some survivors to whine about the injustice of it all. "One 100th of a nanogram [of antimatter]costs as much as one kilogram of gold," he says. A much smaller amount embedded near the heart could of course kill you but the grenade-sized amount insures fairly well you won't survive--particularly if it is applied all at once directly to the body. Is it possible to transform energy stored in anti-matter into coherent radiation? So each 2 kg antimatter bomb (as it annihilates with 1kg ordinary matter) would have a blast similar to the Tsar Bomba, the most powerful nuclear device ever detonated in the puny humans' history. But case 2 deserves a better answer after all anti-matter is not cheap and they are always out of stock at Home Depot. Collisions between these photons would have resulted in the production of particlesparticles which would eventually become stars, galaxies, and people. You might still miss a submarine or two, but without space launch capabilities, zero industrial capacity, and an all-male crew, you're set anyway. Antimatter: how the worlds most expensive and explosive substance is made, Catch up with The Loop, your quick wrap of this morning's news. While I can't provide any numbers to back this up, I have a feeling the answers to Part 2 and Part 3 are going to be the same. This one bullet would be equivalent to 378 grams of TNT, which is more powerful than a modern grenade. If the Big Bang led to equal parts matter and antimatter forming, these probably would have then bumped into each other, obliterated one another, and then presumably exploded again. 2 * (mass of earth) * c^2 And the answer is $1.0735089\times10^{42}$ J (joules) Wolfram Alpha gave the following helpful equivalency: $( \frac{1}{93} )\times$ energy released from a supernova $(\approx 1\times 10 . If you absolutely, positively need to sterilize the surface, you must blast it from orbit. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? ", "La Garita Mountains grew from volcanic explosions 35 million years ago", "The thought experiment: What would happen if the supervolcano under Yellowstone erupted? Find out more about shock waves in our oblique shock calculator and Prandtl Meyer expansion calculator. The NIAC is currently researching antimatter powered spaceships, and according to NASA it looks promising. [11], So, one can state that a nuclear bomb has a yield of 15kt (6.31013J); but an actual explosion of a 15000ton pile of TNT may yield (for example) 81013J due to additional carbon/hydrocarbon oxidation not present with small open-air charges.[10]. Converts antimatter to energy in joules. The total global nuclear arsenal is about 15,000 nuclear warheads. Professor Doser leads a team studying this strange, expensive, explosive stuffin the wonderfully named Antimatter Factory. Antimatter is actually produce by all sorts of things, for instance bananas produce antimatter. 10 grams of antimatter will annihilate 10 g matter, which just produces 429.6 kT. The team hasn't found any other meaningful differences between matter and antimatter. Professor Doser and his colleagues need anti-protons. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. This wave leads to an abrupt increase in pressure. A boy can regenerate, so demons eat him for years. This high-pressure wave, i.e., the blast wave, travels until it interacts with an object and reflects back. Surely you remember Einstein's famous E = Mc2. $<< 10^{32}J$ (gravitational binding energy of Earth), We must use an even bigger bomb. Note It is convention to use ton compared to short ton, net ton American or tonne (1000 kilogrammes.) The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be 4.184 gigajoules, [1] which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of TNT. What positional accuracy (ie, arc seconds) is necessary to view Saturn, Uranus, beyond? Matter and antimatter particles annihilate one another whenever they come into contact! If antimatter makes contact with air it will cause an explosion. Supposing we had one antimatter bomb, how much antimatter would we need in order to completely blow up the Earth into millions of pieces. Explosive Yield of a Photon Torpedo. - ST-v-SW.Net Learn how and when to remove this template message, Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion, "Air Force pursuing antimatter weapons / Program was touted publicly, then came official gag order", "Laser technique produces bevy of antimatter", "Details on antimatter triggered fusion bombs - NextBigFuture.com", "Angels & Demons: The Physics Behind The Movie (and The Book)", "Air Force pursuing antimatter weapons: Program was touted publicly, then came official gag order", Page discussing the possibility of using antimatter as a trigger for a thermonuclear explosion, Paper discussing the number of antiprotons required to ignite a thermonuclear weapon, Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments, Existential risk from artificial intelligence, Self-Indication Assumption Doomsday argument rebuttal, Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal, List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events, List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antimatter_weapon&oldid=1139434888, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from August 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 03:22. But say I had 1 Antimatter Electron, and I just opened a container in a room, what would happen? But because this claim is not based on any empirical science, its never been anything more than pure speculation. So, what's their working theory as to why our evil antimatter twins didn't just cancel everything out, long ago? Instead of wasting 1E28 joules in an antimatter explosion on the surface of Earth, how about a nice 1E20 J bomb set off in a carefully drilled hole inside 10 Hygiea -- wait a few months and let gravity do most of the heavy lifting (or falling in this case) when 10 Hygiea impacts the Earth. The best chemical rockets, like NASA's Space Shuttle main engine, max out at around 450 seconds, which means a pound of fuel will produce a pound of thrust for 450 seconds. Extreme caution is advised. This stops it from making contact with matter. [3], The kiloton and megaton of TNT equivalent have traditionally been used to describe the energy output, and hence the destructive power, of a nuclear weapon. Get all the latest science stories from across the ABC. This form is part of the U.S. implementation of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and is submitted voluntarily by mines that conduct blasts with over 300 short tons "TNT equivalent" of explosives. The word "antimatter" is not even mentioned anywhere in your question. When antimatter collides with matter it can end up creating the largest explosion in human history. However small scale antimatter weapons are much more affordable, as I mentioned earlier you can create a bullet with a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter in it for only $600,000. nuclear physics - Would a matter-antimatter explosion cause fallout Scientists estimate creating and storing a gram of antimatter would cost in excess of a million billion dollars and require about 25 million billion kilowatt-hours of energy. The solar constant of the sun is 1370 watts per square meter and Earth has a, The solar constant of the sun is 1370 watts per square meter and Earth has a cross-sectional surface area of, 2022 Hunga TongaHunga Haapai volcanic eruption, total energy produced worldwide by all nuclear testing and combat, "Tons (Explosives) to Gigajoules Conversion Calculator", "Joules to Megatons Conversion Calculator", Blast effects of external explosions (Section 4.8. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. One of the scariest things about the antimatter bomb is that the effects of it arent as long lasting as a nuclear bomb. That should be a pure gamma output initially, but I'm curious as to what would happen to the atmosphere - what will happen to that much energy, will fission happen and how much life will survive? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Why is matter-antimatter asymmetry surprising, if asymmetry can be generated by a random walk in which particles go into black holes? Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. Or would it be more like a conventional ~50kg artillery shell? Antimatter would do the same. But to understand the properties of this mysterious anti-stuff, apparently anti-electrons won't cut it. If you want to kill all humans on earth, you have a couple of options: According to this person 57 trillion annihilations at 30 cm gives you 1 rad of radiation. [5][6][7][8], Where for example the comparison is by energy yield, an explosive's energy is normally expressed for chemical purposes as the thermodynamic work produced by its detonation. So far, all the antimatter created in all the particle accelerators on Earth wouldn't be enough to boil a cup of water. Those made at CERN amount to about 1 nanogram. This makes it incredibly hard to store antimatter. How much antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans The blast radius for the 1 kg bare explosive detonation is 130 m. This answer is obtained by using the range safety equation, based on Hopkinson-Cranz Law: The intensity of the blast wave front is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance. On the other hand, one milligram of 18F-FDG will contain on the order of 3x10^18 molecules. [2], The "megaton (of TNT equivalent)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 petajoules (4.1841015J). Most of the mass is antiprotons, which can annihilate with protons or neutrons, leading to $e^{\pm}$, $\gamma$, and mesons. Air Force Researching Antimatter Weapons - Slashdot The team can create thousands of antihydrogen atoms in only a second but the trap barely catches any. What about antimatter bombs? | New Scientist Would it be similarly anti-climactic? Matter-antimatter annihilation from a hypothetical macroscopic explosion would produce the same particles as proton-antiproton annihilation in microscopic quantities in accelerator experiments. The Big Bang is, and always has been, unsupported speculation. 10 grams of antimatter will annihilate 10 g matter, which just produces 429.6 kT. "Bananas are a perfect unit for antimatter production. It is a spherical or hemispherical-shaped wave that originates upon the detonation of explosives. The main hurdles are the production and storage of large amounts of antimatter. Approximate yield of the last eruption of the. Both humans and bananas only produce a tiny amount of antimatter, which is why we havent all been destroyed. Now, we wouldn't want that, would we? There is no antimatter left in the Universe from the Big Bangthat we're aware of, he says. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. There's not really any point translating that to Australian dollars because it's absurd either way. barrels of oil. The blast radius becomes a critical parameter in such scenarios. For a 10 km dinosaur killer asteroid, 1 kg of antimatter should be sufficient retarget the asteroid -- actually quite a bit less would actually be needed because there are quite a few near earth objects that would need only a tiny orbital deflection to serve the purpose, the largest of these earth crossers, 1866 Sysyphus one of these objects The scaling law is a convenient way to estimate the properties of a large explosion using the data from smaller explosions. Often, the responses are droll ones such as love, cocaine, cash money, computer ink, or even sex. The relative effectiveness factor (RE factor) relates an explosive's demolition power to that of TNT, in units of the TNT equivalent/kg (TNTe/kg). Are Neutrons and anti-Neutrons attracted to each other over distance? But because these collisions always produce matter and antimatter in precisely equal amounts, the universe should, if the Big Bang model were correct, have exactly equal amounts of matter and antimatter. (Note that this is not creation out of nothing, but rather the conversion of pre-existing energy into matter.) Antimatter is the opposite of matter. These collisions produce precisely equal amounts of matter and antimatter. Supposed you have successfully build a special tomahawk missile entirely composed of antimatter, this method of conversion of mass to energy greatly dwarfs any conventional nuclear reactions. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. An antimatter weapon is a weapon which would use antimatter as a power source, a propellant or an explosive. For a spherical blast wave, the change in pressure is: The above equation is known as the modified Friedlander equation, and it is used to calculate the change in pressure over time. You can also compare energy generated from different reactions with respect to the mass of TNT using our energy conversion calculator. StreamZones.com FineTunedUniverse.com GooToYou.com ICR.org (Article Credit), Big Bang Scientists: Universe Shouldn't Exist. 7g divided 7 bn ways would equate to about the equivalent of 40 grams of TNT per person, something like a small hand grenade each. The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be 4.184gigajoules (1gigacalorie),[1] which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of TNT. Unexpected uint64 behaviour 0xFFFF'FFFF'FFFF'FFFF - 1 = 0? But even this is insanely expensive for only one bullet. A Tsar Bomb? This gives us an energy of around 3.6x10 23 J. Likewise, the antimatter counterpart to a proton is the anti-proton which has the same mass as a proton but with a negative charge. the algonquin club boston cookies that taste like mcdonaldland cookies 0 Comments 1 View 0 Likes. For instance, the antimatter equivalent to the electron is called the positron. Antimatter: Most Expensive Substance on Earth - Science to go The relative differences between two explosives with shaped charges will be even greater. Ah yes, the multi-million dollar question. This worksheet is primarily designed to assist mining companies in determining if they should submit form 9-4040-A to the U.S. Geological Survey. Squared it is 89,875,517,900,000,000 or about 9.010 16. Check out 477 similar physics calculators, Social Media Time Alternatives Calculator. Given a pair of explosives, one can produce 2 the shockwave output (this depends on the distance of measuring instruments) but the difference in direct metal cutting ability may be 4 higher for one type of metal and 7 higher for another type of metal. Scale that over the entire planet and you get 2.9 kg of antielectrons. An explosive, upon detonation, releases a large amount of energy. "Even in that hypothesis you'd still need a gram of antimatter, which would take 10 billion years to accumulate," Professor Doser says. If the number of Short Tons is larger than 300, you should submit USGS form 9-4040-A. Let's estimate the safety distance for the detonation of bare exposed 0.5kg0.5~\mathrm{kg}0.5kg of TNT. So ever since I read a book (Angels and Demons by Dan Brown?) All of the antiprotons created at Fermilab's Tevatron particle accelerator add up to only 15 nanograms. And yes, bizarrely, energy can become the mass of matter and vice versa. For example, if a timber-cutting formula calls for a charge of 1kg of TNT, then based on octanitrocubane's RE factor of 2.38, it would take only 1.0/2.38 (or 0.42) kg of it to do the same job. The latter's decay chains include neutrinos, which of course, carry energy away harmlessly. The damage done to the biosphere here is more due to pressure and heat than radioactivity. [3] Cost [ edit] Antimatter is just like normal matter, except that some of its properties are opposite that of normal matter. So not only would they be more powerful than nukes, but also more likely to be used on people. How are engines numbered on Starship and Super Heavy? I was planning on adding more to this response, but I think Serban covered it as well as I can for numbers #1 and #2. At the moment of the Big Bang, all the energy of the Universe was concentrated and exploded. The solar irradiance of the Sun every 12 hours. It's one antiparticle per hour, approximately," Professor Doser says. Quora - A place to share knowledge and better understand the world 1 kg of antimatter = 53 megaton yield, 4000 kg antimatter = 212 billion ton TNT, $3.6567*10^{18}kJ*K^{-1} * 200K=7.31310^{20} kJ$. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. A merger of two black holes, resulting in the. Shortly after the supposed Big Bang, the universe would have been filled with extremely energetic photons. Simple? Some of the radiation will doubtless cause fission or transmutation - a nucleus hit by an anti-proton is likely to at least lose a nucleon, and the mesons also happily react with nuclei. "We want to study it to see why it's not here anymore and why the Universe isn't just empty.". $10^{32}J$ is simply the gravitational binding energy of the planet. Cookie Notice To some degree this is just like a normal nuclear explosion of the same yield. As we learned in real estate, location, location, location. Source: Ian Goddard and Cockell, Charles S. Impossible Extinction. Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? The estimated energy at impact when the largest fragment of, Estimates in 2010 show that the kinetic energy of the. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. You have to give Big Bang scientists credit for their tenacity. Except the isochoric heat capacity of earth atmosphere is $C_v=.717kJ*kg^{-1}*K^{-1}$. Antimatter is one of the most unstable substances in the world. The team is called the ALPHA collaboration. In 1996, the Mars Global Surveyor took 11 months to arrive at Mars. Assuming perfect accuracy and a teleporter? . Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Answer (1 of 3): What would happen if we detonated an antimatter bomb on Earth? The blast radius for the 1 kg bare explosive detonation is 130 m. This answer is obtained by using the range safety equation, based on Hopkinson-Cranz Law: R = 130 W(1/3) = 130 1(1/3) = 130 m The intensity of the blast wave front is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance. ', referring to the nuclear power plant in Ignalina, mean? Or would it be similar to a Fat Man Bomb? From some rough calculations with 10g of anti hydrogen, I came out at roughly a gigatonne of TNT's worth of energy - 1.2x10^22J. No country has considered it worth it to make one, and even the richest businessmen in the world dont have the funds to build one. "We make such minute quantities that even if you were to destroy all the antimatter that we're making in the course of a year, it wouldn't be even enough to boil a cup of tea.". This means that even if a supposed Big Bang could somehow create a universe, that universe would forever remain devoid of matter, unlike the actual universe in which we live. Also, once in atmosphere, any attempt to shoot down will only damage the containment system and detonate the antimatter. But it's really not that big of an explosion. A city entirely? You can think of it as matter's evil twin. All I've ever read is science fiction, and they seem to be wildly wildly different in how dangerous Antimatter actually is. When it hits the target the capsule breaks and the air/target get hit by the antimatter. The results of this latest experiment show that a property of the antiproton (called its magnetic moment) is identical in magnitude to the magnetic moment of its proton counterpart to within a precision of just a couple of parts per billion. Wonder What's Next? He says an alternative hypothesis is that we're living in a part of the Universe filled with matter but other parts might be full of antimatter. But, taking the statement as accurate (and the source appears to be of generally high quality to me). The energy released by a hurricane per day during condensation. How much energy would be released in a collision of planets of matter & antimatter? It depends on the specific case or use. Similarly, you can estimate the blast radius for c4 explosives too. The first is that the technology developed in CERN's Antimatter Factory has been appliedin medical imaging tools calledPET scanners. Its easy to see why secularists, desperate to explain their existence apart from a Creator, would cling to such fantastic notions. Strange Frontiers, episode 2:The factory where one of the most expensive and elusive materials is made. This result eliminates one possible loophole that Big Bang cosmologists were hoping to exploit in an attempt to solve this longstanding problem with their model. TNT equivalent - Wikipedia But why do so many Christians still claim that God used the Big Bang to create the universe, especially when this scientifically bankrupt speculation contradicts the Genesis creation account in so many ways?5 The Big Bang is, and always has been, unsupported speculation. It doesn't sound like it should be real, but "it does exist", says Professor Doser,a physicist who studies the properties of antimatterat CERN,the European Council for Nuclear Research. Antimatter is one of the costliest materials in the world. And that means no particles would remain to eventually become people, stars, and galaxies. Why refined oil is cheaper than cold press oil? E = mc^2 Each gram of antimatter will release roughly twice as much energy as the Hiroshima bomb. Supposing we had many thousands of antimatter bombs (they can be detonated in many different locations), how much total antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans on Earth? But whenever this happens when loads of energy gets concentrated and turned into the mass of matter antimatter isborn too. Indeed this is a polar-explosion (1 gamma to one side and the other to opposite side). This law states that two identical explosives produce similar blast waves but have different sizes, given the conditions, geometry, and scaled distances are identical. Check the revision history; if it's appropriate, feel free to roll back my roll back! rev2023.5.1.43405. In order to store antimatter it has to be kept in a sealed container and held up with magnets so that it floats. Everyone knows biking is fantastic, but only this Car vs. Bike Calculator turns biking hours into trees! Convert that into mass using $E=mc^2$ and we get $8.13710^6 kg$ divide by 2 because half that mass is coming from regular matter and we have $4.06910^6 kg$. We must use a bigger bomb. The problem lies in the efficiency and cost of antimatter production and storage. This convention intends to compare the destructiveness of an event with that of conventional explosive materials, of which TNT is a typical example, although other conventional explosives such as dynamite contain more energy. In our case, we're taking the mass of earth plus the mass of the antimatter planet. For that you can recreate the meteor that made the dinosaurs extinct (100 trillion tons of TNT) with about two tons of antimatter in one spot.
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