bush dog husbandry guidelines

In addition, data from only 3 of the 4 pairs during the 2nd phase were included in the analysis; Fl and Ml were excluded because of insufficient data due to death of Fl. Quora - A place to share knowledge and better understand the 1997; Nowak and Paradiso 1983; Porton et al. Get best-in-class CE in some of your favorite cities. BIAZA - British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums This study determined that mature female bush dogs differ from peripubertal females in their reproductive cycle. A summary of the dates of sightings of infants, juveniles, and subadults permitted estimates of age and date of birth, thus providing information on bush dog seasonality in the wild. Webbush baby, (family Galagidae), also spelled bushbaby, also called galago, any of more than 20 species of small attractive arboreal primates native to sub-Saharan Africa. They may give birth to 2 sets of twins a year. Each phase consisted of a minimum of 1 year; however, health problems unrelated to the study required 2 females to be removed early (Table 2). Open-ended vasectomy.Between late December 2001 and mid-January 2002, open-ended vasectomies were performed on the 4 males (see DeMatteo et al., in press). When possible, relatively nontoxic compounds (e.g., boric acid) or drying substances (e.g., amorphous silica gel) should be used to control insects. Click on the Taxonomic link to be taken to the relevant At the DLC we utilize a rolling cage for her birth inside the room. 49 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<6626B62769B5266758E5A2F918D2D07D><041926E8CAF9D645BEEB2E667D2FC591>]/Index[44 19]/Info 43 0 R/Length 49/Prev 36221/Root 45 0 R/Size 63/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Vulvar measurements.In preparation for data collection, the 4 females were trained, using operant conditioning, to stand for vulvar measurements. Records should include a description of the animal, the date obtained, the source, the length of time held, and any treatment provided together with its final disposition. Staff should be screened and selected for suitability to tasks assigned and should be trained in performance of their duties. 2002). Porton et al. u\(. Litter should be emptied from cages and pens in a manner that minimizes exposure of animals and personnel to aerosolized waste. Significant differences in the duration that fecal progestins remained at or near baseline were determined in each of the comparisons among these 3 male categories: male present versus absent (t = 3.000, d.f = 9, P < 0.01), male present compared to introduction of male (t = 5.158, df = 8, P < 0.01), and male absent versus introduction of male (t = 3.713, d.f. ("Southern lesser bush baby, South African galago Galago moholi", 2009;Pullen, 2004;"Southern lesser bush baby, South African galago Galago moholi", 2009;de Magalhaes, et al., 2009;Pullen, 2004;"Southern lesser bush baby, South African galago Galago moholi", 2009;de Magalhaes, et al., 2009;Pullen, 2004) Females nurse their offspring for about 11 weeks though young may begin to catch insects at 4 weeks of age. Fecal estrogens were measured using the Estradiol Active DSL-4300 kit (Diagnostic System Laboratories, Webster, Texas; Lukas et al. Worms and or crickets can presented in slow feeders, hanging feeders, paper cups, bags or bowls. 15.23), and the bush dog (Speothos venaticus) hunt in Individual animals should be identified in a consistent and recordable manner (e.g., tags, cage cards, microchips, tattoos). A disaster plan should be prepared and rehearsed. During baby watch, check baby cage in the AM when white lights are on. The duration of female receptivity was defined as only that time when Copulatory Locks occurred. The results of the Speothos venaticus Survey also suggested that bush dogs were aseasonal. These individual correlo-grams were initially interpreted separately and then summarized for each variable with male present compared to male absent. In addition, the 2-year study design allowed the effect of female presence on male fecal testosterone levels to be examined. Anything to encourage foraging, hunting, and other natural feeding behaviors. Exercise areas, runs, or pens should be considered for animals that will be held for long periods. Do not tempt the female out of the nest with food or encourage her to leave the nest. The offspring will cling quietly and unmoving for up to three hours, being checked on occasionally by the mother. White lights are on from 12 am to 12 noon. The aim was to determine whether differences within each of the measured variables were dependent on male or female presence. At noon, when the white lights have gone out, we use a red light in the rooms for the keepers to see. Low scores (unformed, loose, diarrhea, etc) may indicate digestive upset, malabsorption, and/or possible hydration issues. Subtle behavioral changes such as decreased appetite or activity or reluctance to train in expectant females may be a sign of impending labor or a sign of problems with labor or delivery. Bode, Z. Tang-Martinez, and T. Valone. Brady and Ditton 1979; Brand and Cullen 1976; Dietz 1984; Ewer 1973; Frame et al. A sampling frequency of 2 times per week was adequate for detecting pattems in male fecal androgen levels (Fig. Frequent changes to the group should be avoided. Fecal androgens were measured using the Testosterone Active DSL-4000 (Diagnostic System Laboratories; Pelletier et al. When determining between-sex correlations, it was necessary to exclude the 1st phase of the study because there were only 2 months of data collection on males before introduction to females. Mammal Husbandry Manuals - Australasian Zoo Keeping Some prefer to sleep in tree hollows whileothers may use old bird's nests, unoccupied beehives, and can use more than a dozen different sleeping sites within its home range during a year (Bearder & Doyle 1974a). 44 0 obj <> endobj 1993; Monfort et al. Fecal hormones, vulvar measurements, and mating behavior were used to characterize reproductive cycle dynamics. When lights are off, at regular feeding time, visually check the birth cage in the same manner. Dijferences dependent on male or female presence.The overall statistical design of the study was a 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with presence of the male or female as the main treatment (Underwood 1997). Canids are generally considered monestrous, with each estrous cycle separated from the next by a period of relative ovarian quiescence, referred to as anestrus (Asa 1998; Asa and Valdespino 1998). The southem cone: Chile, Argentina, Umguay, Paraguay, Statistical tool for soil biology. 1987). We also utilize different enrichment techniques and tools to encourage natural feeding behaviors. To minimize measuring error, each dimension was measured twice and averaged. In a 2-year study of the bush dog (Speothos venaticus), a small canid from Central and South America, we examined the reproductive physiology of mature females and the effect of male presence on the incidence and timing of ovulation. WebDOG HUSBANDRY SOP 520.01 Dog Husbandry Page 1 of 3 1. Feeders must allow easy access to food, and soiling by urine and feces must be prevented. Standardized practices allow easier detection of potential health and husbandry problems. They provide consistency among participating institutions and make it easier to transfer wolves between institutions. Nature sounds or white noise machines and scent enrichment have also been used with varying levels of interest. Bush baby 1998. Although the number (X = 9, range = 220, n = 26) of possible Copulatory Locks was similar to confirmed Copulatory Locks, the duration was shorter (X = 1 min, range = 0.5 4 min, n = 26), possibly because the pair was out of the camera's view part of the time (i.e., we had inaccurate starting or stopping time). WebK.E. Females often give birth to a single offspring at their first pregnancy, then produce twins in subsequent litters. An open vulva that may contain white discharge is the sign that the female is in estrus. 2). The current standard diet for G.Moholi at the DLC: 5 grams of low glycemic vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, celery, cherry tomatoes, carrots, red cabbage, cucumbers, lettuce, collards, kale, spinach, chard). One mouse twice per week and a bone with meat once per week also were provided. Responsiveness of the female cycle to deviations from the norm also was noted in females whose pups were less than 4 months of age when pups died or were removed, In these cases, interbirth intervals were significantly shorter (mean latency to postparturn estrus = day 171, n = 11) than if pups had remained with the female (range = 80115 days, n = 5Porton et al. Females have a brief estrous period, lasting 1 to 3 days, during which males become highly competitive, increasing their home range, body weight, and testes volume. Animals that produce levels of noise having the potential to cause stress should be housed separately. Mixed species have been successful when a compatible individual of the same species isn't available. They live in nocturnal rooms with a 12-hour light cycle. Husbandry Guidelines Natural History and Physical Videotapes were reviewed for the occurrence and duration of 2 defined behaviors. We have done scale training, kennel training, point follow locomotion, voluntary cycle checking and tail tactile training with the bushbabies. actrice pub audi; qare comment a marche; desnouvelles de la vie quotidienne de kim hyun joong 2019; interpol executive committee; lavigerie alger photo bush dog husbandry guidelines. Controlling for male presence and using the Euclidean geometric distance, distance matrices for the 3 females at each of the 3 variables (fecal estrogens, fecal progestins, and vulva index) were generated. USDA Additional data are needed to evaluate seasonality in the male. Special housing accommodations are sometimes necessary for unusual species such as those with unique metabolic or genetic characteristics, or special behavioral and/or reproductive needs. Stay tuned for the new AZA Ungulate Animal Care Manual, presently nearing completion. Separation between food and water, urination and defecation, and resting areas should be maximized. 2. Play opportunities and enrichment should be provided on a regular basis. Animal waste should be removed at least once daily, via collection, hosing, or flushing. The estimated birth dates were divided into 4 groups based on latitude, from south to north: October to April (24S 26S; n = 5; Argentina and Paraguay), February or March to May (1553S; n = 2; Brazil); May to September or October (430S442S; n = 3; Peru); and September to September or October (255N620N; n = 3; French Guiana, Guyana, and Venezuela). 675], F3, and F4), with the latter 2 samples occurring after study completion. For males, there was a strong positive effect of female presence on fecal androgens (P = 0.0011). The 1st of 3 estrous cycles without a confirmed Copulatory Lock (F3) occurred when the male was introduced 25 days after the initial rise in fecal progestin and also had a low number of Mounts in that estrous cycle (n = 5) compared to the overall average (X = 193, SEM = 22, range = 5459;, n = 7 estrous cycles). Opportunistic sightings of bush dogs alone, in pairs, or in groups ranging from several to hundreds of individuals (Bates 1944; Beccaceci 1994; Cabrera and Yepes 1940; Deutsch 1983; Husson 1978; Peres 1991; Strahl et al. The female will carry the offspring to a safer location if she senses threat. Other non-nest material enrichment can be provided as usual. Seasonality of reproduction.Based on a summary of the births at 48 intemational institutions, captive bush dogs showed no evidence of reproductive seasonality (Table 3). Study design.The study was divided into 2 phases. Extraction and assay of fecal hormones.Fecal steroids were made soluble in a modified phosphate-buffered saline containing 50% methanol, 0.1% bovine serum albumin, and 5% Tween 20 (polyoxy-ethylene sorbitan monolaurate, a surfactantBauman and Hardin 1998; DeMatteo 2004; Shindeler et al. Reproduction, growth and parental care in crab-eating foxes, Management and breeding of maned wolves at the National Zoological Park, Washington, Histora natural ediar: mamiferos Sud-americanos, Reproduction in captive and wild dingoes (, Endocrinology of canine estrous cycles, pregnancy and parturition, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Society of Theriogenology, Veterinary Clinics of North American: Small Animal Practice, An examination of the reproductive physiology of the bush dog (, Preliminary tests of a new reversible male contraceptive in bush dogs (, Ecology and social organization of the maned wolf (, Beobachtungen zur Geburt und natrlichen Aufzucht von Waldhunden (, Ferro de grulleiro, der Sdamerikanische Waldhundein Rtsel fr die Hundeforschung, The northern Neotropics: Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, The central Neotropics: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Mantel tests: spatial structure in field experiments, Design and analysis of ecological experiments, Social organization of African wild dogs (, Asdell's pattems of mammalian reproduction: a compendium of species-specific data, On the breeding and rearing of bush dogs at Frankfurt Zoo, Observations on the breeding of the bush dog (, Ecology and evolution in the South American canids, Time-lapse infared videography for animal behavior observations, A longitudinal study of delayed reproductive success in a pair of white-cheeked gibbons (, Steroid metabolism and validation of noninvasive endocrine monitoring in the African wild dog (, Canadian Journal of Zoology/Review Canadian Zoology, Bush dog urine-marking: its role in pair formation and maintenance, Aseasonality of bush dog reproduction and the influence of social factors on the estrous cycle, Vol. We use a broom to sweep up any feces, food, paper from enrichment, etc. Water in birth cages should be provided in a small, shallow water bowl on a shelf above the nest box with just enough water to cover the bottom but not enough for infants to drown. Conservation Status of Least Concern with stable population size. In captivity, this species is most often housed with related female pairs, breeding pairs or dams and their offspring. In addition, the interestrous interval, that is, that time between successive 1st significant increases in fecal progestins, varied significantly (t = 2.498, d.f = 9, P < 0.05) depending on whether a male was present (X = 136 days, SD = 11 days, = 4) or absent (X = 179 days, SD = 40.1 days, n = 5). WebDuiker Husbandry Guidelines From 2002 Bay, Black, and Red-flanked Duiker Studbook. Although these cycles were considered physiologically relevant, they were eliminated from statistical analyses because of the lack of an end date. It is not recommended to house males of this species together due to aggressive behavior. of Practice for the Husbandry of None were significant only when the male was present. Do this with nail trims, brushing, holding out a leg for a blood draw or, taking your dogs temperature. WebDogs should be handled using a leash. Fecal Condition Scoring Resource Center Dog Husbandry Present address of KED: University of MissouriSt. = 15, P < 0.05) depending on whether the male was present (X = 74 days, SD = 7.9, n = 9) or absent (X = 65 days, SD = 8, n = 8). During the 1st phase, 1 March 2001 to 26 March 2002, females were housed individually with no contact with males, which were housed in a separate building. Females often stay with their mothers longer. 1993; Kleiman 1968; Monfort et al. Summary of reproductive cycle characteristics for nondomestic canids studied to date. Although a possible effect of male stimulation has been suspected in 2 other nondomestic canids (maned wolf [Chrysocyon brachyurusVelloso et al. Visually check the cage and any loose nest material on the cage floor for a stranded or injured infant. WebEAZA Hornbill Management and Husbandry Guidelines Contents Foreword 1) Natural history 2) Captive population management 2.1 Identification 2.2 Morphology and sex determination 2.3 Maturation and longevity 2.4 European hornbill collection plan taxa 3) Veterinary care, handling and transport STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES - University of

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