pulmonary edema and covid vaccine

Thus, PGs play a key role in the formation of pulmonary edema. Existing drugs and inhibitors targeting the components of humoral metabolism may serve as potential treatments for COVID-19 and should be further investigated. Rev. Abnormal humoral metabolism is mainly manifested as imbalances of water and electrolytes. However, palpable lymphadenopathy commonly involving the axilla as an immune response to vaccination may present a clinical diagnostic dilemma especially in persons with . Glucocorticoid Induction of Epithelial Sodium Channel Expression in Lung and Renal Epithelia Occurs via Trans-activation of a Hormone Response Element in the 5-Flanking Region of the Human Epithelial Sodium Channel Subunit Gene. -, Ahmed M. H., Hassan A. Thus, promoting the degradation of HA may be significant in the recovery process. Aspirin: Generic, Uses, Side Effects, Dosages, Interactions - RxList 4 As of Sunday, at least 16,183 people had filed complaints with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that they'd developed tinnitus, or ringing in their ears, after receiving a Covid vaccine. 274 (18), 1243112437. Jiangsu Qing Lan Project for Young Academic Leaders of China. We identified pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, and pericardial effusion. Care Med. Among the currently pursued therapeutic strategies against COVID-19, little attention has been paid to abnormal lung humoral metabolism. (1977). 103, 7888. FIGURE 2. COVID-19 Vaccine and Pulmonary Embolism: Is There a Link? - Healthline Breathtaking TRP Channels: TRPA1 and TRPV1 in Airway Chemosensation and Reflex Control. Rev. The fluid transudes into and accumulates in the interstitium of lungs and finally alveolars from lung capillary, leading to severe disorder of pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange (Staub, 1974). FOIA 146 (6), 14541455. Front Pharmacol. 2023 Feb 15;12(4):1542. doi: 10.3390/jcm12041542. Exp. 2020. The .gov means its official. A vision of coronavirus with the minimal set of structural proteins. Res. doi:10.1073/pnas.160041997, Leroy, C., Priv, A., Bourret, J.-C., Berthiaume, Y., Ferraro, P., and Brochiero, E. (2006). doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.6.1847. Polymodal Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 Nocisensor. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.017, Xu, Z., Shi, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Huang, L., Zhang, C., et al. Therefore, the excessive release and decreased hydrolysis of BK through activating BKB1 and BKB2 receptors result in extra vascular leakage and pulmonary edema (Figure 5 Mechanism of BK inducing pulmonary edema and potential drugs) (Zwaveling et al., 2020). . Tumor Necrosis Factor- Inhibits Aquaporin 5 Expression in Mouse Lung Epithelial Cells. J. Nat. Urgent reconsideration of lung edema as a preventable outcome in COVID Proc. Med. Side effects of the coronavirus vaccines | NHS inform Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Natl. doi:10.1111/joim.13091, Passi, A., Negrini, D., Albertini, R., de Luca, G., and Miserocchi, G. (1998). (2020). 17, 149166. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1302421. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) can stabilize the permeability of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell by regulating the expression of AQP-5 and MMP-9, and reduce alveolar fluid exudation (Shi et al., 2018). 181 (1), 5361. Cell 181 (2), 281292. The condition presents itself as a slowly evolving pneumonia with insidious early onset interstitial pulmonary edema that undergoes acute exacerbation in the late stages and alveolar edema (Xu et al., 2020; Wiersinga et al., 2020). Pulmonary edema secondary to congestive heart failure Improving the blood circulation can advance the oxygen supply for organs, accelerate the absorption of fluid and eventually improve pulmonary edema. Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), present in human lungs, kidneys and other organs, plays a vital role in lung fluid clearance (Figure 4 Mechanism of inhibiting ENaC inducing pulmonary edema) (Matthay et al., 2002). Accessibility Structure and Hormone Responsiveness of the Gene Encoding the -Subunit of the Rat Amiloride-Sensitive Epithelial Sodium Channel. Am. Pulmonary Edema in COVID-19 Patients: Mechanisms and Treatment Potential Pulmonary Edema in COVID-19 Patients: Mechanisms and Treatment Potential Front Pharmacol. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320953, Zhang, J.-L., Zhuo, X.-J., Lin, J., Luo, L.-C., Ying, W.-Y., Xie, X., et al. Systems Pharmacological Study Illustrates the Immune Regulation, Anti-infection, Anti-inflammation, and Multi-Organ protection Mechanism of Qing-Fei-Pai-Du Decoction in the Treatment of COVID-19. Qing-Fei-Pai-Du Decoction, which is officially recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 patients as mentioned in the guideline issued by NHC (Trial 7th edition) (PRC, 2020), has an effective rate higher than 90% (2020) and can mediate the inflammatory storm induced by COVID-19 (Yang et al., 2020b), regulate the innate immune, cytokine activities (IL-17, NF-B, TNF etc. Amiloride. The abnormal humoral metabolism and pulmonary edema contribute to the severity of symptoms and fatality of COVID-19 patients. COVID-19: Long-term effects - Mayo Clinic Copyright 2021 Cui, Chen, Zhou, Gong, Zhu, Lv, Guo, Duan, Zhou, Marcon and Ma. 7 (4). Mol. SN Compr. The secretion of alveolar fluid, caused by inhibiting Na+ entry, is sensitive to inhibition of CFTR, NKCC, or Na+-K+-ATPase (Solymosi et al., 2013), suggesting that CFTR, NKCC or Na+-K+-ATPase inhibitors may have potential in treating pulmonary edema caused by low expression of ENaC. With the presence of active basolateral Na+-K+-ATPase, inhibition of the entry of apical Na+ can generate a concentration gradient inducing the uptake of basolateral Na+ with Cl by Na+-K+-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC) and thus induce the apical secretion of Cl (Solymosi et al., 2013). Glucocorticoid-stimulated Lung Epithelial Na(+) Transport Is Associated with Regulated ENaC and Sgk1 Expression. Since pulmonary edema can be promoted by decreased expression of alveolar Na-K-ATPase (Woods et al., 2015), drugs or compounds which activate the sodium channel and Na-K-ATPase may be putative therapeutics. COPD and asthma cause your airways to swell and become blocked with mucus, which can make it hard to breathe. These proteins include ion channels (Na channel, K channel and TRPV4), aquaporins (AQP), renin angiotensin system (RAS) proteins, and bradykinin/hyaluronic acid-related enzymes. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Myocarditis: A Systemic Review and - PubMed The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.664349/full#supplementary-material, Abdullah, H., Heaney, L. G., Cosby, S. L., and McGarvey, L. P. A. Reaffirms recommendation for Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine. This condition is generally referred to as pulmonary edema and is a direct consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Ann. With treatment, most people with this type of pulmonary edema recover in about 24 hours. CD44-dependent Intracellular and Extracellular Catabolism of Hyaluronic Acid by Hyaluronidase-1 and -2. J. Cel Mol Med 24 (8), 47364747. Cells 7 (8), 98. doi:10.3390/cells7080098, Stone, J. H., Frigault, M. J., Serling-Boyd, N. J., Fernandes, A. D., Harvey, L., Foulkes, A. S., et al. Pharmacol. The Clinical Benefits of Chinese Patent Medicines against COVID-19 Based on Current Evidence. 11. doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.17.040177.001053, Fronius, M. (2013). 102 (8), 966974. As reported, large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa) in alveoli can reduce alveoli opening during hypoxia, detect O2 variation, and adjust ion transport and fluid clearance (Jovanovi et al., 2003). (2001). Pharmacol. (2020b). ACS Nano 14 (4), 38223835. Adv. HA is synthesized by HAS2. Abstract Background Severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema is a . COVID-DSNet: A novel deep convolutional neural network for detection of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) cases from CT and Chest X-Ray images. Studies have shown that MCTR1 (Han et al., 2020), PCTR1 (Zhang et al., 2020) and protectin DX (Zhuo et al., 2018), endogenously produced lipid mediators, can effectively improve PFC, ameliorate morphological damage, reduce lung inflammation, and increase sodium channel and Na-K-ATPase expression and activity in vivo and in vitro in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS rats model. (2020). doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.038, Keywords: COVID-19, pulmonary edema, abnormal lung humoral metabolism, syndrome coronavirus 2, drug, traditional Chinese medicine, Citation: Cui X, Chen W, Zhou H, Gong Y, Zhu B, Lv X, Guo H, Duan J, Zhou J, Marcon E and Ma H (2021) Pulmonary Edema in COVID-19 Patients: Mechanisms and Treatment Potential. doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c02624, Walls, A. C., Park, Y.-J., Tortorici, M. A., Wall, A., McGuire, A. T., and Veesler, D. (2020). Further, ARDS is sometimes initially diagnosed as pneumonia or pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs from heart disease). You might run a fever and experience body aches, headaches and tiredness for a day or two. HM designed the framework of the review. (2020). TRPA1 Agonists Evoke Coughing in guinea Pig and Human Volunteers. 192 (8), 37653777. TRPV1, expressed in C-fibers of the vagus nerves innervating airways (Cui et al., 2016), has been considered to play a key role in cough reflex and increased airway sensitivity caused by various diseases (Andr et al., 2009; Couto et al., 2013). doi:10.1111/nyas.14472, Adil, M. S., Narayanan, S. P., and Somanath, P. R. (2020). J. Med. Digestive System Is a Potential Route of COVID-19: an Analysis of Single-Cell Coexpression Pattern of Key Proteins in Viral Entry Process. Purpose To investigate pulmonary vascular abnormalities at CT pulmonary angiography (CT-PE) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Am. AQP-5 plays a significant role in pulmonary edema and decreased expression of AQP-5 has been observed during the disease process. COVID-19 vaccines can cause mild side effects after the first or second dose, including: Pain, redness or swelling where the shot was given Fever Fatigue Headache Muscle pain Chills Joint pain Nausea and vomiting Swollen lymph nodes Feeling unwell Most side effects go away in a few days. COVID-19 Vaccine: A Comprehensive Status Report. Generalized Edema and Pseudothrombocytopenia After ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report Reports of side effects of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are increasing worldwide. In these patients, white blood cells count, neutrophil count and D-dimer level keep rising while lymphocyte count keeps decreasing as the disease progresses. Intensive Care Med. J. Physiology-Lung Cell Mol. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 40 (21), 42454250. JAMA 324 (8), 782793. Infect. SARS-CoV-2 may act in a similar way. (2009). doi:10.1101/2020.03.20.20039586, Londino, J. D., Lazrak, A., Collawn, J. F., Bebok, Z., Harrod, K. S., and Matalon, S. (2017). (2004). Amiloride was shown to induce the reduction of ACE2 expression in bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells (Adil et al., 2020) and can counteract the low cytosolic pH which has been observed in COVID-19 patients by acting on Na+/H+ exchanger (Cure and Cumhur Cure, 2020). doi:10.1073/pnas.96.5.2514, Chow, Y.-H., Wang, Y., Plumb, J., O'Brodovich, H., and Hu, J. Lung Consolidation: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment - Verywell Health Antiviral Res. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6775, Rogosnitzky, M., Okediji, P., and Koman, I. Chloride Transport-Driven Alveolar Fluid Secretion Is a Major Contributor to Cardiogenic Lung Edema. 1480 (1), 73103. Optimizing Diagnostic Strategy for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia, a Multi-center Study in Eastern China. Optimizing Diagnostic Strategy for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia, a Multi-center Study in Eastern China. (2020). Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes Are Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Currently, these symptoms are the primary consequences of pulmonary virus infection. doi:10.1055/s-0040-1712960, Deng, J., Wang, D.-x., Deng, W., Li, C.-y., Tong, J., and Ma, H. (2012). Clinical and Computed Tomographic Imaging Features of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Caused by SARS-CoV-2. Further studies may determine if CD44 inhibitors can be of use to in COVID-19. FEBS Lett. doi:10.3969/j.issn.10065725.2019.19.008, Rasaeifar, B., Gomez-Gutierrez, P., and Perez, J. J. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped RNA coronavirus of the genus , and is the seventh coronavirus which can infect human (Xu et al., 2020). doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.01.002, Chen, S.-y., Bhargava, A., Mastroberardino, L., Meijer, O. C., Wang, J., Buse, P., et al. 2021 Jan;93(1):94-96. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26152. Here, we provide a perspective on abnormal lung humoral metabolism of pulmonary edema in COVID-19 patients, review the mechanisms by which pulmonary edema may be induced in COVID-19 patients, and propose putative drug targets that may be of use in treating COVID-19.

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